Line a sheet pan with parchment paper.
In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, salt, and baking soda.
Add the cold grated or cubed butter to the flour mixture.
Use your fingers to snap and rub the butter into the flour until the mixture has flat, crumbly pieces of butter throughout. You want visible pieces of butter, not a perfectly sandy mixture.
Add the chive blossom petals and chopped chives and toss gently to distribute.
Pour the cold buttermilk evenly over the flour mixture.
Use a fork or spatula to mix until a rough, shaggy dough forms. There should be only a small amount of dry flour left at the bottom of the bowl. If the dough seems very dry, add a little more cold buttermilk, 1 tablespoon at a time.
Turn the dough out onto a lightly floured surface.
Use your hands to gently bring the dough together without kneading.
Roll the dough into a thin square.
Cut the dough into 4 equal pieces and stack the pieces on top of each other.
Roll the stack back out into a thin square.
Repeat the cutting, stacking, and rolling process 2 more times.
Roll the dough to about 1 inch thick.
Use a sharp knife to cut square biscuits, or use a biscuit cutter to cut round biscuits. If using a biscuit cutter, press straight down without twisting.
Gather scraps gently and cut out as many biscuits as possible.
Place the biscuits on the prepared sheet pan.
Freeze the biscuits for 15 minutes while you preheat the oven to 450°F.
In a small bowl, whisk together the egg and water for the egg wash, if using.
Brush the tops of the chilled biscuits with egg wash.
Bake for 15 to 18 minutes, or until the biscuits are puffed, golden brown, and baked through.
Brush the warm biscuits with melted butter, if desired.
Sprinkle with chive blossom salt and serve warm with chive blossom butter.